Heterodox
Eduard Bernstein in Evolutionary Socialism: A Criticism and Affirmation (1909) describes Friedrich Engels’ attempt to defend the idea that the law of value in volume 1 of Capital was both empirical and historical: “According to the Marxist theory surplus value is, as we have seen, the pivot of the economy of a capitalist society. But in order to understand surplus value one must first know what value is. The Marxist representation of history and of the course of development of capitalist...
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