Heterodox
The working day under Marx’s theory in volume 1 of Capital can be conceptualised in the diagram below, where there is a total working day of 12 hours. Although the total working day in any particular industry can be variable, there are two parts of the working day as follows: (1) necessary labour-time, which is “determined by the working time required for the reproduction of the labour-power of the labourer himself” (Marx 1906: 256), and(2) the surplus labour-time (Marx 1990: 341). Let us...
Read More »Debunking Marx’s Concept of Exploitation based on Surplus Labour Value
