by Some very interesting data here, if it is reliable:Lord Ashcroft, “How the United Kingdom voted on Thursday… and Why,” Lord Ashcroft Polls, 24 June, 2016.How did people vote by class?The breakdown:Middle Class:AB: Leave: 43%; Remain: 57%C1: Leave: 51%; Remain: 49%Working ClassC2: Leave: 64%; Remain: 36%DE: Leave: 64%; Remain: 36%KeyAB: Higher & intermediate managerial, administrative, professional occupations C1: Supervisory, clerical & junior managerial, administrative, professional occupations C2: Skilled manual occupations DE: Semi-skilled & unskilled manual occupations, Unemployed and lowest grade occupations.Lord Ashcroft, “How the United Kingdom voted on Thursday… and Why,” Lord Ashcroft Polls, 24 June, 2016.The British working class (C2 + DE) was solidly behind Brexit: 64% of them voted “leave.” 57% of the upper middle class and middling middle class (AB) voted for remain.The lower middle class (C1) voted to leave by a narrow margin at 51%.And what about the breakdown by political party?:Conservative: Leave: 58% Remain: 42%Labour: Leave: 37% Remain: 63%Liberal Democrats: Leave: 30% Remain: 70%UKIP: Leave: 96% Remain: 4%.Most Conservative party supporters voted to leave: a Conservative party government that does not deliver on Brexit will make its voters very angry.
Topics:
Lord Keynes considers the following as important: Demographics of Brexit
This could be interesting, too:
Lord Ashcroft, “How the United Kingdom voted on Thursday… and Why,” Lord Ashcroft Polls, 24 June, 2016.How did people vote by class?
The breakdown:
Middle Class:The British working class (C2 + DE) was solidly behind Brexit: 64% of them voted “leave.”
AB: Leave: 43%; Remain: 57%
C1: Leave: 51%; Remain: 49%Working Class
C2: Leave: 64%; Remain: 36%
DE: Leave: 64%; Remain: 36%Key
AB: Higher & intermediate managerial, administrative, professional occupations
C1: Supervisory, clerical & junior managerial, administrative, professional occupations
C2: Skilled manual occupations
DE: Semi-skilled & unskilled manual occupations, Unemployed and lowest grade occupations.
Lord Ashcroft, “How the United Kingdom voted on Thursday… and Why,” Lord Ashcroft Polls, 24 June, 2016.
57% of the upper middle class and middling middle class (AB) voted for remain.
The lower middle class (C1) voted to leave by a narrow margin at 51%.
And what about the breakdown by political party?:
Conservative: Leave: 58% Remain: 42%Most Conservative party supporters voted to leave: a Conservative party government that does not deliver on Brexit will make its voters very angry.
Labour: Leave: 37% Remain: 63%
Liberal Democrats: Leave: 30% Remain: 70%
UKIP: Leave: 96% Remain: 4%.
An important point: it seems 63%, a majority, of Labour party supporters voted to remain (as pointed out here). A strange result?
Not really – because the modern Labour party has long since ceased to be the party of the working class.
As pointed out here, which cites Robert Garner and Richard Kelly’s book British Political Parties Today, Labour lost a great deal of its working class support by the 1990s, and, remarkably, the process had begun gradually from the 1970s and continued in the 2000s.
From the 2000s, New Labour has been a middle class party in a double sense: reliant more and more on middle class votes and run by a middle class elite, with a political agenda of cultural leftism (e.g., identity politics) and neoliberalism-lite (not to mention warmongering). Even in the membership of the party, the middle class is increasingly important.
What were the reasons for voting Brexit? They were as follows:
“Nearly half (49%) of leave voters said the biggest single reason for wanting to leave the EU was ‘the principle that decisions about the UK should be taken in the UK’. One third (33%) said the main reason was that leaving ‘offered the best chance for the UK to regain control over immigration and its own borders.’ Just over one in eight (13%) said remaining would mean having no choice ‘about how the EU expanded its membership or its powers in the years ahead.’”So Brexit voters, including the majority of the working class, want (1) Britain political sovereignty restored, and (2) control over immigration (in fact, the other evidence that most British people want immigration sharply reduced is pretty stunning (see here, here, and here).
Lord Ashcroft, “How the United Kingdom voted on Thursday… and Why,” Lord Ashcroft Polls, 24 June, 2016.
This is also confirmed in the Lord Ashcroft Poll: 80% of those who voted leave thought immigration was “a force for ill.”
It’s no good trying to hide this, or sweep it under the carpet.
A British political party that does not offer Britain (1) political sovereignty from the EU (2) control over immigration is grossly out of touch with what the majority of British voters want, no matter whether its own supporters were pro-Brexit, as in the case of the Liberal Democrats and Labour.