Heterodox
Paul Rosenbaum’s 1999 paper “Choice as an Alternative to Control in Observational Studies” is really thoughtful and well-written. The comments and rejoinder include an interesting exchange between Manski and Rosenbaum on external validity and the role of theories.... Important in the most studies in social science, including economics, are necessarily observational rather than experimental. The question is how to design observational studies to make them as close as possible to experimental...
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