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Real-World Economics Review

Micro/macro

from Dave Taylor . . . most heterodox critics of the mainstream are thinking “macro” – of the economy as a whole – whereas most mainstream economists are still thinking “micro”, assuming what is true of all is true of any, and confusedly suggesting the many different things true of any and at different times are always true of all. Consider the analogy of ships in an exogenously choppy sea. The equilibrists are right, the waves will even out; and the rationalists are right: the navigators...

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Paul Davidson and yours truly on Keynesian and Knightian​ uncertainty

from Lars Syll A couple of years ago yours truly had an interesting discussion — on the Real-World Economics Review Blog — with Paul Davidson on ergodicity and the differences between Knight and Keynes re uncertainty. It all started with me commenting on Davidson’s article Is economics a science? Should economics be rigorous? : LPS: Davidson’s article is a nice piece – but ergodicity is a difficult concept that many students of economics have problems with understanding. To understand...

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Near and dear to the hearts of today’s economists

from Ken Zimmerman  “The propositions of economic theory are derived by logical reasoning from these assumptions in exactly the same way as the theorems of geometry are derived from the axioms upon which the system is built.” Which without fail ends with the conclusion you set out, “A theory as an internally consistent system is valid if the conclusions follow logically from its premises, and the fact that neither the premises nor the conclusions correspond to reality may show that the...

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On the impossibility of objectivity in science

from Lars Syll Operations Research does not incorporate the arts and humanities largely because of its distorted belief that doing so would reduce its objectivity, a misconception it shares with much of science. The meaning of objectivity is less clear than that of optimality. Nevertheless, most scientists believe it is a good thing. They also believe that objectivity in research requires the exclusion of any ethical-moral values held by the researchers. We need not argue the desirability...

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Trade games are back: The USITC report on the new NAFTA

from Dean Baker U.S. trade policy is truly fascinating. Probably more than in any other area of public policy, trade agreements are structured by corporate interests behind closed doors. Then when a deal is produced, the establishment media and economists insist that we have to support the deal behind the important principle of “free trade.” The opponents are treated as knuckle-dragging Neanderthals who just can’t understand how the economy works. We got another episode in this...

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Mathematics is to science what a hammer is to a carpenter.

from Rob Reno Mathematics is to science what a hammer is to a carpenter. It is a man-made tool (a language invented as needed) with an uncanny power to accurately measure physical reality. But it is not the only tool in a scientists toolbox, albeit an essential one and indispensable for creating an intersubjective verifiable intelligent discussion of the material aspects of the cosmos. But it is not necessarily a part of the higher realization of truth. The recognition of emergent...

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Knight and Keynes have very different concepts of uncertainty

from Paul Davidson Knight and Keynes have very different concepts of uncertainty. Knight believes that uncertainty is epistemological problem where humans do not have the mental ability to see the future even if it actually knowable currently. Keynes argued the future can not be derived from analyzing the past and current relationships. On page 210 of his book Knight writes that the future “universe may not be knowable ,,,[but] objective phenomenon… is certainly knowable to a degree so...

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