An American Budget

By J.D. ALT

Let’s imagine pulling together a group of enlightened economic planners to create an American budget for, say, the years 2020-2024. What might they come up with? To begin with, how might they even go about thinking about how to create an American budget?

It’s not so obvious as, for example, the way the Congressional Budget Office might go about it. The CBO would begin by tallying up how much money America’s government will have to spend in the years 2020-2024. Then they’d allocate those projected dollars to various pots of spending—with some calculation about what the spending needs will be for each pot. In the middle of this exercise, they’ll discover that the spending needs for the pots far exceed the number of dollars they’ve projected America’s government will have to spend. So, they’ll tweak the tax revenue numbers, projecting that economic growth in this or that sector will generate more tax collections for the government, and they’ll search for a bevy of cost-savings the government can garner by eliminating “wasteful” spending. Then they’ll repeat the allocation exercise and discover the projected available spending dollars are still far short of what they’ve calculated the pots will demand. Thus they will next have to calculate how many dollars the American government will have to borrow to make up the short-fall—and will have to further calculate how much that borrowing will add to the “national debt,” and how many years (projected into a distant future using imagined numbers for economic growth and future tax-rates) will it take for America to repay the debt. Then they’d publish all these numbers and Congress would blanche and fall into chaos and confusion. The political party out of power would declare the party in power to be “fiscally irresponsible,” driving the nation to bankruptcy, and the arguing would begin over which pots should be reduced or eliminated. Another day in the life of American politics courtesy of the Congressional Budget Office.

So, how would our group of enlightened economic planners tackle the problem differently? First, because we’re imagining they’re “enlightened” (meaning they fully understand how modern fiat money works), they’d realize it is incorrect—even illogical—to begin with a calculation of how much money the American government will have to spend. The American government, they understand, is constitutionally authorized by law and the Federal Reserve Act to issue fiat currency as necessary to meet the spending needs of both private commerce and the federal government. The pertinent budgeting question, then is not whether the necessary fiat dollars can be issued, but what precisely are they to be spent on? This makes the process of creating an American budget a much more interesting and useful task than what the CBO habitually assigns itself.

Here’s how I imagine the new process might proceed:

STEP 1:  The first analysis and decisions are about what we—as a collective society represented by the federal government—need to accomplish: What pressing challenges do we confront? What dangers do we face? What opportunities lie at our doorstep? The list of broad categories might go something like this (in my opinion; feel free to generate your own list):

• Mitigating climate change
  • Developing and deploying zero-carbon energy strategies and technologies.
  • Plan and implement new afforestation programs.
  • Management analysis of existing forests and rainforests to maximize carbon sequestration.
• Adapting to climate change
  • Plan and implement an equity-replacement program for properties threatened by sea-level-rise.
  • Develop sea-level-rise relocation and replacement strategies.
  • Plan and implement water-supply security, preservation, and allocation strategies.
  • Develop and implement agricultural adaptation, crop diversity, and food-security strategies.
  • Develop and deploy Emergency Transitional Housing solutions.
• Restoring and rebuilding natural ecosystems
  • Develop and deploy strategies to preserve and reestablish ocean habitats and fishery stocks.
  • Preserve and reestablish wetland habitats.
  • Reclaim and restore industrial and mining waste-sites.
  • Plan and implement rain harvesting programs to reverse desertification of natural landscapes.
• Rejuvenating America’s education system
  • Implement tuition strategies to remove debt from post high-school education.
  • Plan and deploy a universal pre-K day-care system.
  • Plan and implement a national, Grade 2 “reading-assist” program.
• Establishing comprehensive Retirement and Housing Assistance
  • Plan and implement a national “Life-Share” house-mate program for retired persons.
  • Develop and implement a national co-housing assistance program.
  • Establish a national retirement housing co-op.
• Repairing and rebuilding critical local, regional, and national infrastructure
  • Contract to immediately repair all bridges identified by the ASCE.
  • Contract to immediately replace all lead-based community water-systems.
  • Develop and implement electric-grid security strategies and technologies.
  • Develop and build a national electric-vehicle charging grid.
• Redefining “work” in preparation for the AI and automation revolution.
  • Plan and implement a job guarantee program.
  • Design and implement an “art and artisanship” curriculum for public schools and community colleges.

STEP 2:  Next, our group would evaluate which of these challenges, dangers, or opportunities are likely to be met by the natural interests and operations of profit-making enterprise—and which of them (because they don’t lend themselves to making profits) are likely to be ignored.

STEP 3:  Taking the national “to-do” items which analysis has determined will likely be ignored by private commerce, the next step would be to determine what real resources will be necessary to undertake and accomplish each of them. How much and what kind of labor will be required? How much and what kind of materiel and technology?

STEP 4:  Taking the list of required resources, our group would then ask: Are the resources described available within the borders of the United States? Or, to be more specific to the issue at hand, are they available to be purchased with U.S. fiat currency?

STEP 5:  If the answer is “yes,” our group would then issue a formal proposal that the U.S. Congress (1) authorize the U.S. Treasury to issue treasury bonds, as necessary, for the purchase of the said real resources; and (2) direct appropriate government agencies to develop specific spending strategies to marshal the resources to pursue the goals of each stated item on the “to-do” list.

A simple example:

Imagine that one of the challenges our group identified in STEP 2 was this:

• 25% of American children are failing to learn to read by the end of their second grade—and therefore will begin, in the third grade, to relentlessly fail in the U.S. education system, resulting in unnecessarily high levels of social dysfunction and loss of American productivity. This is not a challenge that profit-making commerce is going to undertake to meet, nor is it one that existing school funding can stretch to cover.

Next, we ask: what are the real resources necessary to provide the special assistance necessary to bring those children up to reading level at the end of grade two?  We might calculate as follows:

• There are 92,858 elementary schools in America, each with a second-grade class of children learning to read. Let’s say there’s 24 students on average in each class, and 6 are struggling to read, falling behind, and in need of special one-on-one tutoring, say an hour a day per child.
• This creates the need for a unique kind of work-force: people capable of tutoring who are available and willing to provide their services for only one hour per school-day. Who might that worker/tutor be?
• A likely candidate is a high-school student, tutoring 1 hour after each school-day @ $20/hour, to make $100/week spending money. Call them the “Read-Assist-Corp”.
• Each of our second-grade classes would require six RAC tutors, generating a need for 557,148 high-school students/year, earning $100/week for 36 weeks/year. (=$2B/yr.)
• It seems plausible those high-school students are, in fact, available and would be willing to provide the tutoring services in exchange for U.S. fiat dollars. Therefore:

We issue a formal proposal that Congress (1) authorize the U.S. Treasury to issue bonds as required to pay annually up to $2 billion in wages to the RAC program; and (2) that the funds be paid directly, each month, to the participating elementary schools.

Thus, we have created an American budget for ensuring that every school child enters the third grade able and happy to read—and is therefore highly likely to engage in constructive learning in grades 3-12 and beyond. The budget has been calculated to be $3,600 per struggling second-grader, or approximately $2 billion per year. And the budget has been funded—as our enlightened group of economic planners knows—without the necessity of increasing taxes or borrowing dollars from the profits of private commerce. The budget has been funded by the sovereign government’s legal mandate to issue fiat currency.

A lot of people will ask: But is it worth it? To which the answer is: worth what? Is rescuing the education and future careers of half a million American children worth the hours spent by the high-school students in mentoring them? I would think the proper answer to that is not only emphatically YES, but that the high-school tutors, themselves, will have learned and received as much life-affirming energy as the second graders they helped. So, what’s the complaint? If, on the other hand, the question is meant to ask: “is it worth all those dollars?” then the asker obviously doesn’t understand what “money” represents—or what, in fact, is its only purpose.