by Last year, we recruited 29 teams of researchers and asked them to answer the same research question with the same data set. Teams approached the data with a wide array of analytical techniques, and obtained highly varied results … All teams were given the same large data set collected by a sports-statistics firm across four major football leagues. It included referee calls, counts of how often referees encountered each player, and player demographics including team position, height and weight. It also included a rating of players’ skin colour … Of the 29 teams, 20 found a statistically significant correlation between skin colour and red cards … Findings varied enormously, from a slight (and non-significant) tendency for referees to give more red cards to light-skinned
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Lars Pålsson Syll considers the following as important: Statistics & Econometrics
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Last year, we recruited 29 teams of researchers and asked them to answer the same research question with the same data set. Teams approached the data with a wide array of analytical techniques, and obtained highly varied results …
All teams were given the same large data set collected by a sports-statistics firm across four major football leagues. It included referee calls, counts of how often referees encountered each player, and player demographics including team position, height and weight. It also included a rating of players’ skin colour …
Of the 29 teams, 20 found a statistically significant correlation between skin colour and red cards … Findings varied enormously, from a slight (and non-significant) tendency for referees to give more red cards to light-skinned players to a strong trend of giving more red cards to dark-skinned players …
Had any one of these 29 analyses come out as a single peer-reviewed publication, the conclusion could have ranged from no race bias in referee decisions to a huge bias.
Research that strongly underlines that even in statistics, the researcher has many degrees of freedom. In statistics — as in economics and econometrics — the results we get depend on the assumptions we make in our models. Changing those assumptions — playing a more important role than the data we feed into our models — leed to far-reaching changes in our conclusions. Using statistics is no guarantee we get at any ‘objective truth.’