by Kaldor-Verdoorn and long-run demand effects In standard mainstream economic analysis — take a quick look in e.g. Mankiw’s or Krugman’s textbooks — a demand expansion may very well raise measured productivity in the short run. But in the long run, expansionary demand policy measures cannot lead to sustained higher productivity and output levels. In some non-standard heterodox analyses, however, labour productivity growth is often described as a function of output growth. The rate of technical progress varies directly with the rate of growth according to the Kaldor-Verdoorn law. Growth and productivity is in this view highly demand-determined, not only in the short run but also in the long run. Given that the Kaldor-Verdoorn law is operative, expansionary
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Kaldor-Verdoorn and long-run demand effects
In standard mainstream economic analysis — take a quick look in e.g. Mankiw’s or Krugman’s textbooks — a demand expansion may very well raise measured productivity in the short run. But in the long run, expansionary demand policy measures cannot lead to sustained higher productivity and output levels.
In some non-standard heterodox analyses, however, labour productivity growth is often described as a function of output growth. The rate of technical progress varies directly with the rate of growth according to the Kaldor-Verdoorn law. Growth and productivity is in this view highly demand-determined, not only in the short run but also in the long run.
Given that the Kaldor-Verdoorn law is operative, expansionary economic policies actually may lead to increases in productivity and growth. Living in a world permeated by genuine Keynes-type uncertainty, we can, of course, not with any greater precision forecast how great those effects would be.
So, the nodal point is — has the Kaldor-Verdoorn law been validated or not in empirical studies?
There have been hundreds of studies that have tried to answer that question, and as could be imagined, the answers differ. The law has been investigated with different econometric methods (time-series, IV, OLS, ECM, cointegration, etc.). The statistical and econometric problems are enormous (especially when it comes to the question on the direction of causality). Given this, however, most studies on the country level confirm that the Kaldor-Verdoorn law holds.
Conclusion: demand policy measures may have long-run effects.