by The fundamental econometric dilemma There is one point, to which in practice I attach a great importance, you do not allude to. In many of these statistical researches, in order to get enough observations they have to be scattered over a lengthy period of time; and for a lengthy period of time it very seldom remains true that the environment is sufficiently stable. That is the dilemma of many of these enquiries, which they do not seem to me to face. Either they are dependent on too few observations, or they cannot rely on the stability of the environment. It is only rarely that this dilemma can be avoided. Letter from J. M. Keynes to T. Koopmans, May 29, 1941 Econometric patterns should never be seen as anything else than possible clues to follow.
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Lars Pålsson Syll considers the following as important: Statistics & Econometrics
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The fundamental econometric dilemma
There is one point, to which in practice I attach a great importance, you do not allude to. In many of these statistical researches, in order to get enough observations they have to be scattered over a lengthy period of time; and for a lengthy period of time it very seldom remains true that the environment is sufficiently stable. That is the dilemma of many of these enquiries, which they do not seem to me to face. Either they are dependent on too few observations, or they cannot rely on the stability of the environment. It is only rarely that this dilemma can be avoided.
Letter from J. M. Keynes to T. Koopmans, May 29, 1941
Econometric patterns should never be seen as anything else than possible clues to follow. Behind observable data there are real structures and mechanisms operating, things that are — if we really want to understand, explain and (possibly) predict things in the real world — more important to get hold of than to simply correlate and regress observable variables.
Math cannot establish the truth value of a fact. Never has. Never will.