Tag Archives: Economics

General equilibrium theory — still dead after all these years Raphaële Chappe has written a very interesting article about the value of general equilibrium theory, concluding in the following words: For a student of real world markets, general equilibrium theory appears strangely distant. It is not surprising that a highly abstract framework consisting of hyper-rational agents might be ill equipped to provide a sufficiently credible account of markets in...

Krugman’s models — squeezing out central ideas from Keynes The gist is that despite Krugman’s claims to the contrary, the analysis is not really Keynesian, at least in comparison to The General Theory, or GT. It does hark back to the world of the turn of the 20th century Swedish economist Knut Wicksell and contemporaries and followers such as Irving Fisher, James Tobin, and Robert Mundell … Krugman argues that the central bank should somehow intervene to...

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Economics at the edge The Fourth Nordic Post-Keynesian Conference will take place in Aalborg, Denmark, April 20-21 2017. More on the conference available here.

Krugman’s gadget interpretation of economics Paul Krugman has often been criticized by people like yours truly for getting things pretty wrong on  the economics of  John Maynard Keynes. When Krugman has responded to the critique, by himself rather gratuitously portrayed as about “What Keynes Really Meant,” the overall conclusion is — “Krugman Doesn’t Care.” Responding to a post up here on Krugman not being a real Keynesian, Krugman writes: Surely we don’t...

Technically, “constant returns to scale” describes a production process where you get exactly twice as much stuff out if you put twice as much stuff in. Economists often argue that at least constant returns to scale should be achievable since, worst case scenario, you could just build a second identical factory next to the first one. As such, I want economic instructors to start using this as their example of constant returns to scale.

The reality of how money is created Everything we know is not just wrong – it’s backwards. When banks make loans, they create money. This is because money is really just an IOU. The role of the central bank is to preside over a legal order that effectively grants banks the exclusive right to create IOUs of a certain kind, ones that the government will recognise as legal tender by its willingness to accept them in payment of taxes. There’s really no limit...

Personally, I won’t decide whether I am suspicious of the linear regression until someone tells me whether the slope is statistically significant. Also, if there are multiple explanatory variables that affect an outcome, a scatter plot that only looks at one of them at a time will generally looks like a mess even when all of the variables are individually important. In related news, this is a good opportunity to talk about the distinction between estimated effects (i.e. regression...

The real debt problem One of the most effective ways of clearing up this most serious of all semantic confusions is to point out that private debt differs from national debt in being external. It is owed by one person to others. That is what makes it burdensome. Because it is interpersonal the proper analogy is not to national debt but to international debt…. But this does not hold for national debt which is owed by the nation to citizens of the same...

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