Real-World Economics Review

from Matias Vernengo and Esteban Pérez Caldenteyand WEA Commentaries [Editor’s note: Here the authors summarise the main themes of their recently published book, Why Latin American Nations Fail(Matias Vernengo and Esteban Pérez Caldentey, 2017, University of California Press)] Institutions are central to explaining the way in which, nations grow and develop. Traditionally the study of institutional economics focused on a very broad range of interests and made contributions in several...

from Lars Syll I believe there is no other proposition in economics which has more solid empirical evidence supporting it than the Efficient Market Hypothesis. That hypothesis has been tested and, with very few exceptions, found consistent with the data in a wide variety of markets … Michael Jensen I am skeptical about the argument that the subprime mortgage problem will contaminate the whole mortgage market, that housing construction will come to a halt, and that the economy will slip...

from David Ruccio source According to a new report on inequality in the Brazilian city of São Paulo, compiled by Rede Nossa São Paulo (pdf, in Portuguese), the gap in the average age of death between the poorest and richest districts of the city is almost 24 years. Thus, for example, the average age of death in Jardim Paulista is 79.4 years while that of residents of Jardim Ângela is only 55.7 years. This should come as no surprise since Brazil is one of the most unequal countries on the...

from Dean Baker I am a big fan of Dani Rodrik’s writings on trade, and I agree with most of what he says in his NYT column today, but I do have one major disagreement. However, before going there let me emphasize some of the key points he makes in the piece. First, Rodrik is very much on the mark in arguing that recent trade deals, like the Trans-Pacific Partnership, have very little to do with free trade. As he says, these deals are about imposing a corporate-friendly structure of...

from Maria Alejandra Madi  Olivier Blanchard and Lawrence Summers have recently called for a reflection about the macroeconomic tools required to manage the outcomes of the 2008 global crisis  in their paper Rethinking Stabilization Policy. Back to the Future. The relevant question they address is: Should the crisis lead to a rethinking of both macroeconomics and macroeconomic policy similar to what we saw in the 1930s or in the 1970s? In other words, should the crisis lead to a Keynesian...

from Lars Syll High and rising household indebtedness poses the greatest risk to the Swedish economy. Household indebtedness has been increasing in Sweden since the mid- 1990s. Home ownership financed by high levels of mortgage debt with variable interest rates makes households vulnerable to falling house prices and increasing interest rates … In the present Economic Commentary, we extend the earlier analysis by using updated data covering the period up to September 2017 … Our main...

from David Ruccio The United States, as I have shown over the past week (e.g., here, here, and here), has an obscenely unequal distribution of wealth. How do we put that grotesque level of inequality into perspective? One way is by taking a historical perspective; the other is by looking across the world today. As it turns out, Nature (unfortunately behind a paywall) has just published a study in which the authors attempt to estimate the degree of wealth inequality in ancient societies...

from Asad Zaman Lecture 5 of Advanced Microeconomics at PIDE. The base for this lecture Hill & Myatt Anti-Textbook Chapter 4 on Consumer Theory. Hill and Myatt cover three criticisms of conventional microeconomic consumer theory. Economic theory considers preference formation as exogenous. If the production process also creates preferences via advertising, this is not legitimate. Consumers are supposed to make informed choices leading to increase welfare. However, deceptive...

from Lars Syll When giving courses in the philosophy of science yours truly has often had David Papineau’s book Philosophical Devices (OUP 2012) on the reading list. Overall it is a good introduction to many of the instruments used when performing methodological and science theoretical analyses of economic and other social sciences issues. Unfortunately, the book has also fallen prey to the randomization hype that scourges sciences nowadays. The hard way to show that alcohol really is a...

from David Ruccio On Wednesday, I referred to the wealth pyramid in the United States. But I didn’t really represent that pyramid in the chart I provided.   Here it is, above, with the wealth share of the bottom 50 percent (in red), the middle 40 percent (in blue), and the top 10 percent (in green)—a wealth pyramid for each year, from 1962 to 2014. Or, here’s another, if you prefer a three-dimensional version of the latest year for which data are available. In 2014, the wealth share of...